-
Objective Morality in a Material World: Thomas Nagel’s Mind and Cosmos
When we say that harming an innocent creature is wrong, or that helping a stranger in need is good, what are we actually asserting? Are we describing an objective truth about the structure of reality—much like stating that the Earth revolves around the Sun or that water consists of hydrogen and oxygen? Or are we…
-
René Descartes: The Mechanical Scientist and Devout Believer
René Descartes is widely remembered as the “father of modern philosophy,” famously distilled down to a single, inescapable soundbite: “I think, therefore I am” (Cogito, ergo sum). But if you look at the actual man living in the first half of the seventeenth century, that iconic phrase is just one pillar supporting a massive, unified…
-
The Philosopher with a Hammer: Friedrich Nietzsche, the Nazis, and the War for His Legacy
Friedrich Nietzsche didn’t write philosophy to be agreed with; he wrote it to provoke and dismantle. He described his work as “philosophizing with a hammer”—striking concepts like a tuning fork to test whether they ring true or sound hollow. He argued that the foundations of Western thought—our morality, truths, and definitions of progress—are not eternal…